Basic banking fees: are Canadian banks competitive when compared with Europe, the U.S.?
July 30, 2010 2 Comments
Canada’s banking system received great accolades on its strength and stability during the financial meltdown of 2008. Unlike many of their G7 counterparts, Canada’s major banks never requested nor received a taxpayer-funded bailout from any level of government.
With that said, it’s a well-known fact that Canada’s leading financial institutions aren’t exactly the most competitive when it comes to pricing their products and services. From mortgage rates to GICs to everyday banking accounts, Canada’s banking system can hardly be described as competitive. After all, when merely half a dozen institutions control a vast portion of the personal banking market in Canada, there aren’t many incentives for these institutions to compete for value.
In this small study, I will examine the fees charged by other major banks around the world for a regular bank account (chequing account) so that we can compare those fees with the ones charged by Canadian institutions for the same type of account. I will keep the analysis limited to institutions in fellow G7 countries.
I’d like to emphasize that I have no intention of performing a broad analysis of a variety of products and services offered by financial institutions. The main focus of this analysis is simply looking at basic banking fees and determining whether the average Canadian is getting the best value for their hard earned dollar.
I will examine a few leading banking institutions in four countries: Britain, France, Germany, and the U.S. I have chosen to examine only major institutions, 2 or 3 at most in each country. It would obviously be too tedious to look at what the smaller institutions offer. I feel confident, however, that my analysis at least shed some light on the fees charged by institutions that are comparable in size to our own leading banks.
Britain:
Banks examined: Barclays, HSBC, Royal Bank of Scotland
Monthly fee for a basic chequing account:
Barclays: None
HSBC: None
RBS: None
All three banks offer a chequing account for individuals as well as businesses at no charge for a basic account. There is no limit on the number of domestic debit transactions that can be performed over a given period and there is no minimum balance requirement to avoid any fees. Mobile, online, and telephone banking are included with the service. Bill payments and transfers to other accounts with the same institution are also included. The only time a fee is charged is when the client signs up for an account that has premium features such as gadget insurance, overdraft protection to a certain limit at preferred rates, and premium telephone support.
Several of the institutions I examined offer a high-interest savings account with the privilege of a chequing account at no cost. Not only does your money earn a preferred rate of interest but the account can be used for everyday banking at no charge. In Canada, most of the leading financial institutions I examined don’t offer this type of flexibility.
Conclusion: The big banks in Britain don’t charge their clients a dime to access their money. Instead, they make a profit through other avenues such as the cost of borrowing on overdraft protection (which apparently has more prevalent use in Europe) and from individuals who sign up to premium banking features. Clients who set up a basic chequing account need not worry about monthly fee or limits on their domestic transactions.
France
Banks examined: BNP Paribas, Societe Generale
Monthly fee for a basic chequing account:
BNP Paribas: Basic account starts at 2.20 euros/month, an account with more premium features start at 7.09 euros/month
Societe Generale: JAZZ Carte Bleue (modest choice of features) costs 7.60 euros/month
The banks in France offer a mixed variety of plans. There are many small “community banks” in France that don’t charge at all for a basic account. With respect to banks that charge a flat monthly fee (the larger financial institutions), the amount is nominal and includes no major restrictions such as limits on the amount of debit transactions by month. With certain institutions, the youth and young individuals save an additional amount on premium banking features which includes services such as free bank cheques (money orders) to basic life insurance.
One interesting thing to note about French banks is that the debit card can be in the form of a conventional bank card or a VISA. The VISA card is a slightly more expensive (as little as an additional 1 Euro per month) and provides the client with the flexibility to pay merchants that don’t accept debit cards with a VISA that’s linked to a bank account as opposed to a credit facility. There is also an option where the VISA portion of the card can be linked to a regular credit account. The credit facility is subject to approval by the issuing bank.
Conclusion: Some of the leading banking institutions in France charge a flat monthly fee. This model is markedly different than the one used in the Britain where most of the big banks don’t charge the client a monthly fee for a basic chequing account. The fees are nominal and the accounts are more flexible with limitations on basic every day banking being a non-issue.
In contrast, several Canadian institutions, while charging a monthly fee, place a series of limitations on the account (i.e. no free cheques, no free money orders, only a small number of debit transactions per period at no additional cost, etc.) unless the client signs up to more expensive accounts where some of those limits are waived. The difference in the annual fee between a moderate use account and an unlimited account can range between $50 and $80 depending on the institution. That’s the “premium” clients pay to access their money more often on the bank’s very own network. Accessing funds at ATMs that are not part of the institution’s network can become cost prohibitive in the long run.
Germany
Banks examined: Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, Postbank
Monthly fee for a basic chequing account:
Deutsche Bank: AktivKonto (Active Chequing) account fee is 4.49 Euros/month; BestKonto is 9.99 Euros/month and includes a debit/VISA card. Clients that have family plans save 50% from the monthly plan cost. Both plans include unlimited usage with no balance minimums. All plans include access to the institution’s online portal that offers a myriad of services such as bill payments and transferring funds (to savings or investment accounts).
Commerzbank: A basic account is free of charge as long as a combination of 1,200 Euros is credited per month. It includes a debit card with no limit on the number of transactions as well as access to the online portal that offers various services such as bill payments, account transfers, etc. A premium account with certain credit privileges is free up to age 25 after which the client may upgrade to an AktivKonto at a nominal flat fee of 5.90 Euros/month all-inclusive.
Postbank: A basic account is free of charge for students and clients up to 22 years of age. A regular checking account starts at 5.90 Euros/month if the client doesn’t post combined monthly credits of at least 1,000 Euros. Apparently, this is not a minimum balance requirement but rather the level of deposit activity that must take place to avoid a flat monthly fee. Note that pay cheques in Europe are paid either bi-weekly or monthly so for the average person this does not necessarily represent a limitation.
Conclusion: Germany’s banking system is similar to that of France. The system is comprised of the major banks, the largest of which include Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, Dresdnerbank, and Postbank as well as smaller community banks and credit unions. Germans enjoy a myriad of options when it comes to personal banking, including free chequing accounts, no limits on the number of transactions even for a small monthly fee, and the integration of debit and credit cards into a consolidated account. Moreover, most of Germany’s banks have a network agreement where a client of one bank can use another bank’s ATM to withdraw funds without incurring any surcharges.
United States
Banks examined: Bank of America, Chase, Wells Fargo
Monthly fee for a basic chequing account:
Bank of America: Zero (if opened online, New York region)
Chase: Zero (a minimum of 5 debit transactions per month must be posted to avoid charges. Otherwise, a fee of $6 per month would apply)
Wells Fargo: The basic and mid-level chequing accounts are free if you either keep a minimum balance (with some accounts commending a hefty $10,000) or commit to a direct deposit of $250 per month. However, even if the client does have to pay a monthly fee, the amount is more reasonable when compared to similar options in Canada considering the value they provide: $5 for a very basic account or $10 for a premium account with both accounts having no limit on the number of debit transactions.
Conclusion: The U.S. is a huge market for personal banking. While there are several big players that provide service nationwide, there are thousands of smaller regional banks who compete directly with the larger institutions. Such a level of competition means that clients have access to a wide array of products and services at various price levels.
Two of the three major banks I analyzed offer a free basic checking account with no limit on the number of debit transactions. Interestingly enough, Canadian banks charge the client a fee for basic and moderate use accounts and restrict the usage on the account – for example, pay $5 a month and get 10 or 15 debit transactions. The usage model is exactly the opposite in the U.S.: basic and moderate use chequing accounts are not only free, but at least two of the banks I analyzed charge the client a fee only if the client doesn’t use the account enough. In other words, in Canada you’re penalized for using your bank account too often whereas in the U.S., at least with some institutions, you’re penalized if you don’t use the account enough times (as little as 5 times per month). Remarkable! If you regularly use your bank account, irrespective of where you reside, which model makes more sense to you?
Chequing Accounts fees in Canada
I will refrain from posting any direct information on the fees charged by Canada’s banks as you can access the fee schedule online by visiting the major banks’ websites. While there are some institutions that provide better value than competing institutions even when charging a monthly fee, it is clear that the flexibility to access one’s very own money is noticeably absent. This holds true even to individuals who make use of online and mobile tools and rarely visit their branch. With the exception of President’s Choice Financial and perhaps a handful of small credit unions, there is no free lunch when it comes to accessing your money.
Canada’s personal banking system is a dinosaur. Compared to other G7 nations, Canadians are being overcharged for the type of service and features that people in Britain, France, Germany, and even the U.S. enjoy for free or a lot less than what we pay. With the exception of pricey “unlimited” plans, Canadians are limited by their financial institutions in the number of debit transactions they can perform in a given month. Once the client reaches their limit, the cost of each additional transaction, even if the transaction is conducted on the bank’s own network of ATMs, is outright scandalous considering the actual cost to the bank.
Canadian institutions agree to waive the monthly fee as long as a client keeps a minimum amount of funds in the account at all times. However, unless the client signs up for an unlimited account, they would still incur a fee for each additional debit once the transaction limit is reached. To qualify for a true no-fee, unlimited chequing account, a client must keep several thousand dollars in the account at all times, bearing no interest whatsoever. And even then, surcharges are still applicable such when a client withdraws funds from an ATM that belongs to another institution.
It’s no wonder that while banking institutions around the world were posting heavy losses, Canadian banks were reporting hundreds of millions of dollars in profits. While we can certainly feel comfortable in having a stable banking system, we the clients are at least partially responsible for keeping that very system stable by paying all these fees and service charges to access *our* money.
So what can we learn from the Europeans? For starters, big banks don’t have to charge people to access their own money. This model has been in practice for years in Europe and no bank has ever failed as a result. The popularity of hybrid cards – that is, a card that’s part debit card and part credit card – is prevalent in countries like France and Germany.
Some institutions in Europe charge a monthly banking fee while others don’t. The fees are lower than those charged by banks in Canada. There is no limit on the number of debit transactions on any of the accounts I looked at in Britain, France, Germany, or the U.S. There is no minimum balance requirement to waive any monthly fees. Instead, European banks want a minimum amount of activity posted on the account to have certain fees waived. Youth and young individuals (up to ages ranging from 29 to 35) often get additional savings if they choose premium chequing features over a basic account. Virtually all banking institutions I looked at have premium bank accounts that offer more perks but for a nominal monthly fee, something that’s noticeably absent in Canada. In countries like Germany, ATM surcharges are minimized due to the fact that banks have a network sharing agreement with one another.
Canada’s leading financial institutions can easily implement changes that would make the personal banking segment more flexible and competitive to their clients. The primary obstacle to providing lower fees and more flexibility to clients stems from the fact that a very small number of institutions control a significant portion of Canada’s personal banking market. These institutions collude with one another to the extent where the present fee model for basic banking is virtually the same with every institution.
The only way Canadians would ever get better value is to demand it from the financial institution they work with. If you have multiple services with your financial institution, never hesitate to use that as leverage to get lowest possible fees. Canada’s banks continuously emphasize how important it is for clients to establish a “relationship” with their bank. Comparing the fees and flexibility that other banks in the G7 offer their clients, I can only conclude that our banks’ idea of a “relationship” is one that’s purely a one-way street.
Disclaimer: The accounts information in this post was obtained directly from the websites of the institutions discussed above.
